№ 5 / 2019 / 41-51

DOI 10.15372/SSMJ20190505

H2S IN THE NEURODEGENERATION: A «DOUBLE-FACED JANUS»

Abstract

This paper reviews current literature data on the participation of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders – Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the CNS the level of H₂S is determined by the enzymes of its synthesis – cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE). H₂S is a gasotransmitter, the action of which is realized through chemical and conformational modification of protein molecules simultaneously in spacious pools of cells – in a «broad field». The effects of H₂S are highly divergent when a certain threshold is reached, it moves from the neuroprotection to the neurodegeneration. The neurodegeneration is mediated by both increased (in ALS) and decreased (PD, AD, HD) levels of H₂S production, which is determined by the activity of different enzymes of its synthesis – CBS (PD, AD, ALS) or CSE (HD) – depending on the specificity of the certain disorder, that leads to the deployment of the especial pattern of neurological events. The disturbances in sulfur-containing amino acids metabolism and thiol-disulfide homeostasis are an integrative part in H₂S-dependent mechanism of the neurodegeneration. The opposite/divergent negative effect of H₂S, the involvement of different enzymes of its synthesis and some products of transformation in the pathological process suggest about the dual nature of H₂S as a signaling molecule at neurodegenerative disorders.

Key words

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, neurodegeneration, hydrogen sulfide

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About Authors (Correspondence):

Kolesnikova E.E., e-mail: dr-kolesnikova@mail.ru

Full Text

snmzh_5-2019_kolesnikova_i_dr.pdf

Received: 30/10/2019

Accepted: 30/10/2019