Abdulrauf S.I., Kaynar M.Y., Awad I.A. A comparison of the clinical profile of cavernous malformations with and without associated venous malformations. Neurosurgery. 1999; 44 (1): 41–46. doi:10.1097/00006123-199901000-00020
Awad I., Jabbour P. Cerebral cavernous malformations and epilepsy. Neurosurg Focus. 2006; 21 (1): e7.
Belousova O.B., Filatov Yu.M., Shishkina L.V., Sazonova O.B. Supratentorial caverns: clinic, diagnosis, treatment. Voprosy neirokhirurgii imeni Nikolaya Nikolaevicha Burdenko = Burdenko's Journal of Neurosurgery. 2003; (1): 3-7. [In Russian].
Bozinov O., Hatano T., Sarnthein J., Burkhardt J.K., Bertalanffy H. Current clinical management of brainstem cavernomas. Swiss. Med. Wkly. 2010; 140: w13120. doi: 10.4414/smw.2010.13120
Bruneau M., Bijlenga P., Reverdin A., Rilliet B., Regli L., Villemure J.G., Porchet F., De Tribolet N. Early surgery for brain stem cavernomas. Acta Neurochir. 2006; 148 (4): 405-414. doi: 10.1007/s00701-005-0671-7
Clatterbuck R.E., Elmaci I., Rigamonti D. The nature and fate of punctate (type IV) cavernous malformations. Neurosurgery. 2001; 49 (1): 26-30; discussion 30-32. doi: 10.1097/00006123-200107000-00004
Cohen D.S., Zubay G.P., Goodman R.R. Seizure outcome after lesinoectomy for cavernous malformations. J. Neurosurg. 1995; 83 (2): 237-242. doi: 10.3171/jns.1995.83.2.0237
Del Curling O. (Jr.), Kelly D.L., Elster A. D. (Jr.), Craven T.E. An analysis of the natural history of cavernous angiomas. J. Neurosurg. 1991; 75 (5): 702-708. doi: 10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0702
El-Koussy M., Stepper F., Spreng A., Lukes A., Gralla J., Brekenfeld C., Sturzenegger M., Schorth G. Incidence, clinical presentation and imaging findings of cavernous malformation of CNS. A twenty-year experience. Swiss. Med. Wkly. 2011; 141: w13172. doi: 10.4414/smw.2011.13172
Fritschi J.A., Reulen H.J., Spetzler R.F., Zabramski J.M. Cavernous malformations of the brain stem. A review of 139 cases. Acta Neurochir. 1994; 130 (1/4): 35-46. doi: 10.1007/bf01405501
Garrett M., Spetzler R.F. Surgical treatment of brainstem cavernous malformations. Surg Neurol. 2009; 72 (Suppl. 2): S3-S9. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2009.05.031
Giombini S., Morello G. Cavernous angiomas of the brain. Account of fourteen personal cases and of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1978; 40 (1/2): 61-82. doi: 10.1007/bf01773116
Khil’ko V.A., Skoromets A.A., Khachatryan V.A., Shuleshova N.V., Khil’ko G.I. Brain stem tumors. Saint-Petersburg: Gippokrat, 2005. 504 p. [In Russian].
Kondzioka D., Lunsford L.D., Flickinger J.C., Kestel J.R. Reduction of hemorrhage risk after stereotactic radiosurgery for cavernous malformations. J. Neurosurg. 1995; 83 (5): 825-831. doi: 10.3171/jns.1995.83.5.0825
Kupersmith M.J., Kalish H., Epstein F., Yu G., Berensteine A., Woo H., Jafar J., Mandel G., De Lara F. Natural history of brainstem cavernous malformation. Neurosurgery. 2001; 48 (1): 47-53; discussion 53-54. doi: 10.1097/00006123-200101000-00007
McCormick W.F., Nofzinger J.D. «Cryptic» vascular malformations of the central nervous system. J. Neurosurg. 1966; 24, 865-875.
Monaco E.A., Khan A.A., Niranjan A., Kano H., Grandhi R., Kondziolka D., Flickinger J.C., Lunsford L.D. Stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of symptomatic brainstem cavernous malformations. Neurosurg. Focus. 2010; 29 (3): E11. doi: 10.3171/2010.7
Mucha, A. M., Dashyan V. G., Krylov V. V. Brain cavernous malformations. Nevrologicheskiy zhurnal = Neurological Journal. 2013; (5): 46-51. [In Russian].
Neurosurgery. 2nd ed. Eds. R.H. Wilkins, S.S. Rengachary. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996. 4367 p.
Orlov K.Yu. Cavernous malformations of the brain (clinical and morphological features, diagnosis, surgical treatment). Abstract of thesis … candidate med. sciences. Saint-Petersburg, 2003. [In Russian].
Porter R.W., Detwiler P.W., Spetzler R.F., Lawton M.T., Baskin J.J., Derksen P.T., Zabramski J.M. Cavernous malformation of the brain steam: experience whit 100 patients. J. Neurosurg. 1999; 90 (1): 50-58. doi: 10.3171/jns.1999.90.1.0050
Rankin J. Cerebral vascular accidents in patients over the age of 60. Pt. 2. Prognosis. Scott. Med. J. 1957; 2 (5): 200–215. doi: 10.1177/003693305700200504
Rigamonti D., Hadley M.N., Drayer B.P., Johnson P.C., Hoenig-Rigaminti K., Knight J.T., Spetzler R.F. Cerebral cavernous malformations. Incidence and familiar occurrence. N. Engl. J. Med. 1988; 319 (6): 343–347. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198808113190605
Robinson J.R., Awad I.A., Masaryk T.J., Ester M.L. Pathological heterogeneity of angiographically occult vascular malformations of the brain. Neurosurgery. 1993; 33 (4): 547-554. doi: 10.1227/00006123-199310000-00001
Russell D.S., Rubinstern L.J. Pathology of tumors of the nervous system. London: Edward Arnold, 1989. 1012 p.
Tsvetovski S.B., Stupak V.V. A method of electrophysiological control of the functional state of the brain stem. Patent. RF No. 2419384; published 27.05.2011. [In Russian].
Tu J., Stoodley M.A., Morgan M.K., Storer K.P. Ultrastructural characteristics of hemorrhagic nonhemorrhagic, and recurrent cavernous malformations. J. Clin. Neurosurg. 2005; 103 (5): 903-909. doi: 10.3171/jns.2005.103.5.0903
Tung H., Gianotta S.L., Chandrasoma P.T., Zee C.S. Reccurrent intraparenchymal hemorrhages from angiographically occult vascular malformations. J. Neurosurg. 1990; 73 (2): 174-180. doi: 10.3171/jns.1990.73.2.0174
Uranishi R., Baev N.I., Ng P.Y., Kim J.H., Awad I.A. Expression of endothelial cell angiogenesis receptions in human cerebrovascular malformations. Neurosurgery. 2001; 48 (2): 359-367. doi: 10.1097/00006123-200102000-00024
Washington C.W., McCoy K.E., Zipfel G.J. Update on the natural history of cavernous malformations and factors predicting aggressive clinical presentation. Neurosurg. Focus. 2010; 29 (3): E7. doi: 10.3171/2010.5.FOCUS10149
Wurm G., Schnizer M., Fellner F.A. Cerebral cavernous malformations associated with venous anomalies: surgical considerations. Neurosurgery. 2005; 57 (Suppl. 1): 42-58. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000163482.15158.5a
Zabramski J.M., Wascher T.M., Spetzler R.F., Johnson B., Golfinos J., Drayer B.P., Brown B., Rigamonti D., Brown G. The natural history of familial cavernous malformations: results of an ongoing study. J. Neurosurg. 1994; 80 (3): 422–432.