Дофаминергическая система и ее взаимосвязь с гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадной и гипоталамо-гипофизарно-тиреоидной системами (обзор литературы)
Реферат
Выполнен обзор данных литературы об активности центральной и периферической дофаминергической системы, а также ее взаимосвязи с гипоталамо-гипофизарно-гонадной и гипоталамо-гипофизарно-тиреоидной системами. Уровень дофамина у людей варьирует в зависимости от территории их проживания, при этом данные о его возрастной динамике противоречат друг другу, что не позволяет сделать однозначный вывод о снижении или повышении содержания нейротрансмиттера в плазме крови с возрастом. Большинство исследований сосредоточено на функциях дофамина в центральной нервной системе. Симптомы некоторых заболеваний головного мозга, включая шизофрению, болезнь Паркинсона, синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности, депрессию, смягчаются фармакологической модуляцией его передачи. Вместе с тем существуют доказательства функциональной роли периферического дофамина. В то время как дофамин центральной дофаминергической системы ингибирует секрецию тиротропина, на периферии синтезируемый симпатоадреналовыми нервными клетками, гепариноцитами и парафолликулярными клетками щитовидной железы нейротрансмиттер стимулирует образование и выброс йодтиронинов. Нейропротекторные эффекты половых стероидов определяют распространенность исследований их роли в сохранении и поддержании активности дофаминергической системы, которая, в свою очередь, влияет на уровень половых гормонов, усиливая активность ароматазы, ингибируя синтез или секрецию пролактина, регулируя содержание гонадотропинов и стероидогенез в клетках Лейдига. Периферические и центральные дофаминовые системы чувствительны к воздействию окружающей среды, что указывает на взаимосвязь периферического и центрального звеньев.
Тэги
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Молодовская И.Н., e-mail: pushistiy-86@mail.ru
