Arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia at gallstone disease
Abstract
Investigating the relationship between gallstone disease and arterial hypertension in the epidemiological study in the frame of WHO Programme «MONICA», performed in 1994–1995 years among representative sample from female population in Novosibirsk aged 25–64, it was shown that arterial hypertension was met more often (41.6 %) in women with gallstone disease compared with women without gallstones (30.1 %). Arterial hypertension was identified among 31.7 % Pakistani patients with gallstone disease, but in the Chinese population in 1999 this association was not found. Decrease of high density lipoprotein blood level and hypertriglyceridemia is common risk factors for gallstone disease and arterial hypertension. However, the presence of arterial hypertension in patients with gallstone disease, was not accompanied by changes in the blood lipid profile.
Key words
References1. Burkov S.G. Management of patients undergoing cholecystectomy in policlinic practice // Spravochnik poliklinicheskogo vracha. 2009. (9). 48-52. (in Russian)
2. Grigorieva I.N., Nikitin Y.P. Lipid metabolism and gallstone disease. Novosibirsk, 2005. 176 p. (in Russian)
3. Grigorieva I.N. Ursodeoxycholic acid in internal medicine. М., 2012. 152 p. (in Russian)
4. Kolpakov N.A. Etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and surgical treatment of gallstone disease in young patients: abstract of thesis…candidate of medical sciences. St.Petersburg, 2007. (in Russian)
5. Maksimov V.A., Dalidovich K.K., Chernyshev A.L., Tarasov K.M., Neronov V.A. Current therapy of diseases of the digestive system. М., 2011. 712 p. (in Russian)
6 Maksimov V.N. Relationship and family history of certain polymorphisms of candidate genes for cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in an urban population of West Siberia: abstract of thesis…doctor of medical sciences. Novosibirsk, 2007. (in Russian)
7. Mineeva L.S. Optimization of the spa treatment of patients operated on for gallstones: abstract of thesis…candidate of medical sciences. Moscow, 2008. (in Russian)
8. Nikolaeva A.G., Girsa V.N., Nemtsov V.N. Vegetotropic therapy and hypobaric hypoxic adaptation in patients with gallbladder motor dismotility // Eksp Klin Gastroenterol. 2007. (3). 4-8. (in Russian)
9. Osipenko M.F., Voloshina N.B., Litvinova N.V. Consequences of operative treatment of cholelithiasis // Prakticheskaya meditsina. 2012. 3. (12). 25-31. (in Russian)
10. Patsernyak S.A. Vegetative states. St.Petersburg., 1999. 176 с. (in Russian)
11. Petukhov V.A., Kuznetsov M.R., Lisin S.V. Gallstone disease and pregnancy: cause-and-effect relationships // Ann. Khirurgii. 1998. 2. 14-21. (in Russian)
12. Chazova I.Y. Cardiology: the national leadership. Edited by Belenkov Y.N., Oganov R.G. M., 2010. 563-574. (in Russian)
13. Shulpekova Y.O., Drapkina O.M., Ivashkin V.T. Abdominal pain syndrome // Ross. zhurn. gastroenterol., gepatol., koloproktol. 2002. 12. (4). 8-15. (in Russian)
14. Ahmed M.H., Hamad M.A., Routh C., Con- nolly V. Statins as potential treatment for cholesterol gallstones: an attempt to understand the underlying mechanism of actions // Expert. Opin. Pharmacother. 2011. 12. (17). 2673–2681. (in Russian)
15. Amigo L., Quicones V., Leiva A. et al. Apolipo- protein A-I deficiency does not affect biliary lipid secretion and gallstone formation in mice // Liver Int. 2011. 31. (2). 263–271.
16. Angelin B., Holmquist L., Leijd B. et al. Bile acid metabolism in familial disbetalipoproteinaemia: studies in subjects with the apolipoprotein E 2/2 phenotype // Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 1990. 20. 143–149.
17. Attili A.F., Carulli N., Roda E. et al. Epidemiology of gallstone disease in Italy: prevalence data of the Multicenter Italian Study on Cholelithiasis (M.I.COL.) // Am. J. Epidemiol. 1995. 141. 2. 158–165.
18. Bennet A.M., Di A.E., Ye Z. et al. Association of apolipoprotein E genotypes with lipid levels and coronary risk // JAMA. 2007. 298. (11). 1300–1311.
19. Bennion L.J., Drobny E., Knowler W.C. et al. Sex differences in the size of bile acid pools // Metabolism. 1978. 27. (8). 961–969.
20. Bertomeu A., Ros E., Zambon D. et al. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and gallstones // Gastroenterology. 1996. 111. 1603–1610.
21. Boland L.L., Folsom A.R., Boerwinkle E. et al. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. Apolipoprotein E genotype and gallbladder disease risk in a large population-based cohort //Ann. Epidemiol. 2006. 16. (10). 763–769.
22. Cariati A., Piromali E. Limits and perspective of oral therapy with statins and aspirin for the prevention of symptomatic cholesterol gallstone disease // Expert. Opin. Pharmacother. 2012. 13. (9). 1223–1227.
23. Chavez-Tapia N.C., Kinney-Novelo I.M., Sifuentes-Renteria S.E. et al. Association between cholecystеctomy for gallstone disease and risk factors for cardiovascular disease // Annals of Hepatology. 2012. 11. (1). 85–89.
24. Chen C.Y., Lu C.L., Lee P.C. et al. The risk factors for gallstone disease among senior citizens: an Oriental study // Hepatogastroenterol. 1999. 46. (27). P.1607–1612.
25. Cho J.Y., Han H.S., Yoon Y.S., Ahn K.S. Risk factors for acute cholecystitis and a complicated clinical course in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis // Arch. Surg. 2010. 145. (4). 329–333.
26. Coelho J.C., Bonilha R., Pitaki S.A. et al. Prevalence of gallstones in a Brazilian population // Int. Surg. 1999. 84. (1). 25–28.
27. Cojocaru C., Pandele G.I. Metabolic profile of patients with cholesterol gallstone disease // Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat. Iasi. 2010. 114. (3). 677–82.
28. Cynthia C.W.Ko., Beresford S.A.A., Alderman B. e al. Apolipoprotein E genotype and the risk of gallbladder disease in pregnancy // Hepatology. 2000. 31. (1). 18–23.
29. Dixit M., Choudhuri G., Mittal B. Association of APOE-C1 gene cluster polymorphisms with gallstone disease // Dig. Liver Dis. 2006. 38. (6). 397–403.
30. Everson G.T. Liver problems in pregnancy: distinguishing normal from abnormal hepatic changes // Medscape. Womens. Health. 1998. 3. (2). 3–5.
31. Fischer S., Dolu M.H., Zündt B. et al. Apolipo- protein E polymorphism and lithogenic factors in gallbladder bile // Eur. J. Clin. Inves. 2001. 31. (9). 789–795.
32. George E.D., Schluger L.K. Special women’s health issues in hepatobiliary diseases // Clin. Fam. Pract. 2000. 2. 155–169.
33. Gylling H., Kontula K., Miettinen T.A. Cho- lesterol absorption and metabolism and LDL kinetics in healthy men in different apoprotein E phenotypes and apoprotein B Xba I and LDL receptor Pvu II genotypes // Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1995. 15. 208–213.
34. Hasegawa K., Terada S., Kubota K. et al. Effect of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on bile lipid com- position and the formation of cholesterol gallstone // Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2003. 98. (7). 1605–1609.
35. Hatters D.M., Peters-Libeu C.A., Weisgraber K.H. Apolipoprotein E structure: insights into function // Trends Biochem. Sci. 2006. 31. (8). 445–
454.
36. Jiang Z.Y., Han T.Q., Suo G.J. et al. Polymorphisms at cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, apolipo- proteins B and E and low density lipoprotein receptor genes in patients with gallbladder stone disease // World J. Gastroenterol. 2004. 10. (10). 1508–1512.
37. Juvonen T., Kervinen K., Kairaluoma M.I., Kesäniemi Y.A. Effect of cholecystectomy on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels // Hepatogastroenterol. 1995. 42. (4). 377–382.
38. Kesaniemi Y.A., Ehnholm C., Miettinen T.A. Intestinal cholesterol absorbtion efficiency is related to apolipoprotein E phenotype // J. Clin. Invest. 1987. 80. 578–581.
39. Kim S.S., Lee J.G., Kim D.W. et al. Insulin resistance as a risk factor for gallbladder stone formation in Korean postmenopausal women // Korean J. Intern. Med. 2011. 26. (3). 285–293.
40. Kim S.W., Park Y.H., Choi J.W. Clinical and
epidemiological analysis of 10-year experienced 1,719 gallstone patients // Korean J. Gastroenterol. 1993. 25. 159–167.
41. Lin Q.Y., Du J.P., Zhang M.Y. et al. Effect of apolipoprotein E gene Hha I restricting fragment length polymorphism on serum lipids in cholecystolithiasis // World J. Gastroenterol. 1999. 5. (3). 228–230.
42. Li X., Du Y., Du Y. et al. Association of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism with essential hypertension and its complications // Clin. Exp. Med. 2003. 2. (4). 175–179.
43. Malik A.A., Wani M.L., Tak S.I. et al. Associa- tion of dyslipidaemia with cholilithiasis and effect of cholecystectomy on the same // Int. J. Surg. 2011. 9. (8). 641–642.
44. Mendez-Sanchez N., Bahena-Aponte J., Chavez- Tapia N.C. et al. Strong association between gallstones are cardiovascular disease // Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2005. 100. 827–830.
45. Mendez-Sanchez N., Chavez-Tapia N.C., Mo- tola-Kuba D. et al. Metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for gallstone disease // World J. Gastroenterol. 2005. 11. (11). 1653–7.
46. Mendez-Sanchez N., Zamora-Valdes D., Flores- Rangel J.A. et al. Gallstones are associated with carotid atherosclerosis // Liv. Int. 2008. 28. 402–406.
47. Miettinen T.A. Impact of Apo E phenotype on the regulation of cholesterol metabolism // Ann. Med. 1991. 23. 181–186.
48. Molinari C., Grossini E., Mary D.A., Vacca G. Effect of distension of the gallbladder on plasma renin activity in anesthetized pigs // Circulation. 2000. 101. (21). 2539–2545.
49. Muhammad N., Rahimnajjad N.A., Rahimnaj- jad M.K. et al. Assessment of Characteristics of Patients with Cholilithiasis from economically deprived Rural Localities // BMC Res. Notes. 2012. 5. (1). 334.
50. Newman P.P. Changes in arterial blood pressu- re following stimulation of the gallbladder // Visceral Afferent Functions of the Nervous System / Ed. P.P. Newman. London, 1974. 35–37.
51. Nilsson E., Fored C.M., Granath F. et al. Cholecystectomy in Sweden 1987–99: a nationwide study of mortality and preoperative admissions // Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 2005. 40. (12). 1478–1485.
52. Ordway G.A., Longhurst J.C. Cardiovascular reflexes arising from the gallbladder of the cat: effects of capsaicin, bradykinin, and distension // Circ. Res. 1983. 52. 26–35.
53. Petitti D.B., Sidney S., Perlman J.A. Increased risk of cholecystectomy in users of supplemental estrogen // Gastroenterol. 1988. 94. 91–95.
54. Portincasa P., van Erpecum K.J., van de Meeberg P.C. et al. Apolipoprotein E genotype and gallbladder motility influence speed of gallstone clea- rance and risk of recurrence after extracorporeal shock- wave lithotripsy // Hepatology. 1996. 24. 580–587.
55. Sama C., LaRusso N.F. Effect of deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic and cholic acids on intestinal absorbtion of cholesterol in humans // Mayo Clin. Proc.
1982. 57. 44–50.
56. Sengupta S., Modak P., McCauley N., O’Don- nell L.J. Prokinetic effect of alpha-adrenergic anta- gonist, and beta-adrenergic antagonist on gall-bladder motility in humans with gall-stone disease // Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2007. 19. (7). 581–583.
57. Shaffer E.A. Gallstone disease: epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease // Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2006. 20. 981–996.
58. Smelt A.H. Triglycerides and gallstone forma- tion // Clin.Chim.Acta. 2010. 411. (21–22). 1625–1631.
59. Song Y., Stampfer M.J., Liu S. Meta-analysis: apolipoprotein E genotypes and risk for coronary heart disease // Ann. Intern. Med. 2004. 141. (2). 137–147.
60. Thijs C., Knupschild P., Brombaher P. Serum lipids and gallstones: a case-control study // Gastroenterol. 1990. 99. (3). 843–849.
61. Tsai C.J., Leitzmann M.F., Willett W.C., Giovan- nucci E.L. Statin use and the risk of cholecystectomy in women // Gastroenterol. 2009. 136. (5). 1593–1600.
62. Uhler M.L., Marks J.W., Judd H.L. Estrogen replacement therapy and gallbladder disease in postmenopausal women // Menopause. 2000. 7. (3). 162–167.
63. Van Erpecum K.J., Portincasa P., Dohlu M.H. et al. Biliary pronucleating proteins and apolipoprotein E in cholesterol and pigmentstone patients // J. Hepatol. 2003. 39. (1). 7–11.
64. Van Erpecum K.J., Portincasa P., Eck- hardt E.R.M. et al. Increased risk of cholesterol gall- stone formation in subjects with apolipoprotein E4 genotype: its relation to bile composition and crys- tallization // Gastroenterol. 1998. 114. (4). A547.
65. Weintraub M.S., Eisenberg S., Breslow J.L. Dietary fat clearance in normal subjects is regulated by genetic variation in apolipoprotein E // J. Clin. Invest. 1987. 80. 1571–1577.
66. Wilson P.W., Schaefer E.J., Larson M.G. et al. Apolipoprotein E alleles and risk of coronary disease. A meta-analysis // Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 1996. 16. (10). 1250–1255.
67. Wysowski D.K., Goldberg E.L., Comstock G.W., Diamond E.L. A study of a possible association between breast cancer and gallbladder disease // Am. J. Epidemiol. 1986. 123. (3). 532–543.
68. Xu Q., Tao L.Y., Wu Q. et al. Prevalences of and risk factors for biliary stones and gallbladder polyps in a large Chinese population // HPB (Oxford). 2012. 14. (6). 373–381.
69. Yang S.H., Lee S.E., Jang J.Y. et al. Clinical and
epidemiological analysis of gallstone patients focused on 25-year experience of surgically treated patients // Korean J. Gastroenterol. 2007. 50. (1). 42–50.
70. Yoo E.-H., Lee S.-Y. The prevalence and risk factors for gallstone disease // Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2009. 47. (7). 795–807.
Grigorieva I.N. – doctor of medical sciences, professor, leading researcher of the gastroenterology laboratory, head of biochemical research in gastroenterology, gastroenterologist of the highest category, e-mail: igrigorieva@ngs.ru
Lebedeva M.S. – post-graduate student, clinical pharmacologist, e-mail: marina.s.lebedeva@mail.ru